Atmospheric Chemistry Division

*Aumont, B., S. Madronich, M. Ammann*, M. Kalberer*, U. Baltensperger*, D. Hauglustaine* and F. Brocheton*, 1999: On the NO2 + soot reaction in the atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 1729-1736.

Brasseur, G., J. Kiehl, J-F. Müller*, T. Schneider, C. Granier*, X Tie, and D. Hauglustaine*, 1998: Past and future changes in global tropospheric ozone: Impact on radiative forcing. Geophys. Res. Letts., 25, 3807-3810.

Cantrell, C., 1998: NOx in the atmosphere. Chapter 11 in N-Centered Radicals, Z. B. Alfassi (ed), John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 371-391.

Coffey, M., A. Goldman, J. Hannigan, W. Mankin, W. Schoenfeld*, C. Rinsland*, C. Bernardo*, and D. Griffith*, 1998: Improved vibration-rotation (0-1) HBr line parameters for validating high resolution infrared atmospheric spectra measurements. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 60, 863-867.

Edwards, D., C. Halvorson, and J. Gille, 1999: Radiative transfer modeling for the EOS Terra satellite Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 16,755-16,775.

Fried, A., B. Wert, B. Henry, and J. Drummond*, 1999: Airborne tunable diode laser measurements of formaldehyde. Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 55, 20097-2110.

Garcia, R., and F. Sassi, 1999: Modulation of the mesospheric semiannual oscillation by the quasibiennial oscillation. Earth Planets Space, 51, 563-569.

Greenberg, J., A. Guenther, P. Zimmerman*, W. Baugh, C. Geron*, K. Davis*, D. Helmig*, and L. Klinger, 1999: Tethered balloon measurements of biogenic VOCs in the atmospheric boundary layer. Atmos. Environ., 33, 855-867.

Guenther, A., 1999: Modeling biogenic volatile organic compound emissions to the atmosphere. Chapter 3 in Reactive Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere, C. N. Hewitt (ed), Academic Press, 97-118.

        , S. Archer*, J. Greenberg, P. Harley, D. Helmig*, L. Klinger, L. Vierling*, M. Wildermuth*, P. Zimmerman*, and S. Zitzer*, 1999: Biogenic hydrocarbon emissions and landcover/climate change in a subtropical Savanna. Phys. Chem. Earth (B), 24, 659-667.

Harley, P., R. Monson*, and M. Lerdan*, 1999: Ecological and evolutionary aspects of isoprene emission from plants. Oecologia, 118, 109-123.

        , V. Fridd-Stroud, J. Greenberg, A. Guenther, and P. Vasconcellos*, 1998: Emission of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol by pines: A potentially large natural source of reactive carbon to the atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 25,479-25,486.

*Isebrands, J., A. Guenther, P. Harley, D. Helmig*, L. Klinger, L. Vierling*, P. Zimmerman*, and C. Geron*, 1999: Volatile organic compound emission rates from mixed deciduous and coniferous forests in Northern Wisconsin. Atmos. Environ., 33, 2527-2536.

Khattatov, B., J. Gille, L. Lyjak, G. Brasseur, V. Dvortsov*, A. Roche*, and J. Waters*, 1999: Assimilation of photochemically active species and a case analysis of UARS data. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 18,715-18,737.

Madronich, S., 1999: Stratospheric ozone and its effects on the biosphere. Chap. 12 in Reactive Oxygen Species in Biological Systems, 317-334 (eds.) Gilbert & Colton, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.

        , and S. Flocke*, 1999: The role of solar radiation in atmospheric chemistry. In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Vol. 2, Part I. Environmental Photochemistry (ed. by P. Boule), Springer Verlag.

        , R. McKenzie*, L. Björn*, and M. Caldwell*, 1998: Changes in biologically active ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth’s surface. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biology, 46, 5-19.

*Mayer, B., C. Fischer, and S. Madronich, 1998: Estimation of surface actinic flux from satellite (TOMS) ozone and cloud reflectivity measurements. Geophys. Res. Letts., 25, 4321-4324.

Orlando, J., G. Tyndall, and S. Paulson*, 1999: Mechanism of the OH-initiated oxidation of methacrolein. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2191-2194.

        , G. Tyndall, J-M. Fracheboud*, E. Estupiñan*, S. Haberkorn*, and A. Zimmer*, 1999: The rate and mechanism of the gas-phase oxidation of hydroxyacetone. Atmos. Environ., 33, 1621-1629.

Pan, L., J. Gille, D. Edwards, P. Bailey, and C. Rodgers*, 1998: Retrieval of tropospheric carbon monoxide for the MOPITT experiment. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 32,277-32,290.

Randel, W., and P. Newman*, 1999: The stratosphere in the southern hemisphere. Chapter 6 in Meteorology of the Southern Hemisphere, Vol. 27 (eds.) D. Karolyn and D. Vincent, Am. Met. Soc., 243-282.

        , F. Wu, J. Russell III*, and J. Waters*, 1999: Space-time patterns of trends in stratospheric constituents derived from UARS measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 3711-3727.

        , F. Wu, R. Swinbank*, J. Nash*, and A. O’Neill*, 1999: Global QBO circulation derived from UKMO stratospheric analyses. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 457-474.

        , R. Stolarski*, D. Cunnold*, J. Logan*, M. Newchurch*, and J. Zawodny*, 1998: Trends in the vertical distribution of ozone. Science, 285, 1689-1692.

Schauffler, S., E. Atlas, D. Blake*, F. Flocke, R. Lueb, J. Lee-Taylor, V. Stroud, and W. Travnicek*, 1999: Distributions of brominated organic compounds in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 21,513-21,535.

Smith, A., 1999: Observation of low frequency Kelvin waves in the mesosphere. Earth Planets Space, 51, 649-656.

         , and M. Riese*, 1999: Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) observations of tracer transport by inertially unstable circulations. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 19,171-19,182.

Wang, J., J. Gille, P. Bailey, J. Drummond*, and L. Pan, 1999: Instrument sensitivity and error analysis for the remote sensing of tropospheric carbon monoxide by MOPITT. J. Atmos. & Oceanic Tech., 16, 465-474.

        , J. Gille, P. Bailey, L. Pan, D. Edwards, and J. Drummond*, 1999: Retrieval of tropospheric carbon monoxide profiles from high-resolution interferometer observations: A new digital gas correlation (DGC) method and applications. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 219-232.

Weinheimer, A., T. Campo, and B. Ridley, 1998: The in-flight sensitivity of gold-tube NOy converters to HCN. Geophys. Res. Letts., 25, 3943-3946.
 

Outside

*Burkholder, J., and J. Orlando, 1998: Rate coefficient upper limits for the BrONO2 and ClONO2 + O3 reactions. Geophys. Res. Letts., 25, 3567-3569.

*Clarke, A., D. Davis*, V. Kapustin*, F. Eisele et al., 1998: Particle nucleation in the tropical boundary layer and its coupling to marine sulfur sources. Science, 282, 89-92.

V. Kapustin*, F. Eisele, R. Weber*, and P. McMurry*, 1999: Particle production near marine clouds: Sulfuric acid and predictions from classical binary nucleation. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2425-2428.

*Constable, J., A. Guenther, D. Schimel, and R. Monson*, 1999: Modelling changes in VOC emission in response to climate change in the continental United States. Global Change Biology, 5, 791-806.

*Dvortsov, V., M. Geller*, S. Solomon*, S. Schauffler, E. Atlas, and D. Blake*, 1999: Rethinking reactive halogen budgets in the midlatitude lower stratosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1699-1702.

*Helmig, D., J. Greenberg, A. Guenther, P. Zimmerman*, and C. Geron*, 1998: Volatile organic compounds and isoprene oxidation products at a temperate deciduous forest site. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 22,397-22,414.

        , L. Klinger, A. Guenther, L. Vierling*, C. Geron*, and P. Zimmerman*, 1999: Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions (BVOCs) I. Identifications from three continental sites in the U.S. Chem., 38, 2163-2187.

        , L. Klinger, A. Guenther, L. Vierling*, C. Geron*, and P. Zimmerman*, 1999: Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions (BVOCs) II. Landscape flux potentials from three continental sites in the U.S. Chem., 38, 2189-2204.

*Katul, G., C. Geron*, C. Hsieh*, B. Vidakovic*, and A. Guenther, 1998: Active turbulence and scalar transport near the forest-atmosphere interface. J. Appl. Meteor., 37, 1533-1546.

*Levelt, P., B. Khattatov, J. Gille, G. Brasseur, X. Tie, and J. Waters*, 1998: Assimilation of MLS ozone measurements in the global three-dimensional chemistry transport model ROSE. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 4493-4496.

*McKenzie, R., K. Paulin*, and S. Madronich, 1998: Effects of snow cover on UV irradiance and surface albedo: A case study. J. Geophys Res., 103, 28,785-28,791.

*Mertens, C., M. Mlynczak*, R. Garcia, and R. Portmann*, 1999: A detailed evaluation of the stratospheric heat budget 1. Radiation transfer. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 6021-6038.

*Mlynczak, M., C. Mertens*, R. Garcia, and R. Portmann*, 1999: A detailed evaluation of the stratospheric heat budget 2. Global radiation balance and diabatic circulations. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 6039-6066.

*Müller, J-F., and G. Brasseur, 1999: Sources of upper tropospheric HOx: A three-dimensional study. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 1705-1715.

*Nagato, K., D. Tanner, H. Friedli, and F. Eisele, 1999: Field measurement of positive ion mobility and mass spectra at a Colorado site in winter. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 3471-3482.

*Phillips, J., J. Orlando, G. Tyndall, and V. Vaida*, 1998: Integrated intensities of OH vibrational overtones in alcohols. Chem. Phys. Letts., 296, 377-383.

*Pierce, T., C. Geron*, L. Bender*, R. Dennis*, G. Tonnesen*, and A. Guenther, 1998: Influence of increased isoprene emissions on regional ozone modeling. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 25,611-25,629.

*Riemer, D., et al., 1998: Observations of nonmethane hydrocarbons and oxygenated volatile organic compounds at a rural site in the southeastern United States. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 28,111-28,128.

*Stolarski, R., W. Randel et al., 1998: Ozone change as a function of altitude. Chapter 3 in SPARC Report No. 1, Assessment of Trends in the Vertical Distribution of Ozone.

*Wallington, T., K. Jucks*, and G. Tyndall, 1998: Upper limits for the gas-phase reaction of H2O2 with O3 and NO. Atmospheric implications. Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 30, 707-709.

*Weber, R., P. McMurry*, R. Mauldin III, D. Tanner, F. Eisele, A. Clarke*, and V. Kapustin*, 1999: New particle formation in the remote troposphere: A comparison of observations at various sites. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 307-310.

Advanced Study Program

REFEREED: 

Fournier, A., 1999:  Transfers and fluxes of wind kinetic energy between orthogonal wavelet components during atmospheric blocking. Wavelets in Physics. J.C. van den Berg, Ed., Cambridge, 263-298. 

Galand, M., and A. D. Richmond, 1999:  Magnetic mirroring in an incident proton beam.  J. Geophys. Res., 104, 4447-4455. 

-----, J. Lilensten*, W. Kofman*, and D. Lummerzheim*, 1998:  Proton transport model in the ionosphere: 2.  Influence of magnetic miroring and collisions of the angular redistribution in a proton beam.  Ann. Geophys., 16, 1308-1321. 

-----, -----, D. Toublanc*, and S. Maurice*, 1999:  The ionosphere of Titan:  idean diurnal and nocturnal cases.  Icarus, 140, 92-105. 

Gettelman, A. and S. L. Baughcum*, 1999:  Direct deposition of subsonic aircraft emissions into the stratosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 104(D7), 8317-8327. 

Hamill, T. M., 1999:  Hypothesis tests for evaluating numerical precipitation forecasts. Wea. Forecasting,  14, 155-167. 

-----, 1998:  Comments on "Short-range ensemble forecasting of explosive Australian east-coast cyclogenesis."  Wea. Forecasting, 13, 1205-1207. 

Judge*, P. G., and H. Peter, 1998:  The structure of the chromosphere.  Space Sci. Rev.,  85, 187-202. 

Lilensten*, J., and M. Galand:  1998:  Proton/electron precipitation effects on the electron production and density above EISCAT and ESR.  Ann. Geophys., 16, 1299-1307. 

Norris, J. R., 1999:  On trends and possible artifacts in global ocean cloud cover between 1952 and 1995.  J. Climate, 12, 1864-1870. 

-----, Y. Zhang, and J. M. Wallace, 1998:  Role of low clouds in summertime atmosphere-ocean interactions over the North Pacific.  J. Climate, 11, 2482-2490. 

Peter, H., 1999:  The chromosphere in coronal holes and the quet sun network:  A He I (584 A) full-disk scan by SUMER/SOHO.  Astrophys. J., 522, L77-L80. 

-----, 1999:  Analysis of transition-region emission line profiles from full-disk scans of the sun using the SUMER instrument on SOHO. Astrophys. J., 516, 490-504. 

-----, 1998:  Element separation in the chromosphere.  Space Sci. Rev., 85, 253-260. 

----- and P. G. Judge*, 1999:  On the doppler shifts of solar UV emission lines.  Astrophys. J., 522, 1148-1166. 

Torrence, C. and P. J. Webster*, 1999:  Interdecadal changs in the ENSO-Monsoon System. J. Clim., 12, 2679-2690. 

Welch, W., and K. Tung*, 1998:  Nonlinear baroclinic adjustment and wavenumber selection in a simple case.  J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 1285-1302.

-----, and -----, 1998:  On the equilibrium spectrum of transient waves in the atmosphere.  J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2833-2851.

Wheeler, M. and G. N. Kiladis*, 1999:  Convectively coupled equatorial waves:  Analysis of clouds and temperature in the wavenumber-frequency domain.  J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 374-399. 

Zhang*, Y., J. R. Norris, and J. M. Wallace*, 1998:  Seasonality of large scale atmosphere-ocean interaction over the North Pacific.  J. Climate, 11, 2473-2481. 

UNREFEREED: 

Berner, J., 1999:  Weather regimes and transitions in a General Circulation Model.  Diplomarbeir, Meteorological Institute, Univ. of Bonn. 138 pp. 

Peter, H., 1999:  Doppler shifts of solar UV emission lines and the source region of the (fast) solar wind. Proc. AIP Conf. on the Ninth Intl. Solar Wind, CIP-471, 281-284. 

Torrence, C., 1999:  Wavelet coherency for time series analysis.  Amer. Soc. Civil Eng., Intl. Water Resources Eng. Conference, Seattle, WA. 

Wheeler, M., G. N. Kiladis*, and P. J. Webster*, 1999:  Convectively coupled equatorial waves.  Preprints, 23rd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Dallas, TX, 356-359. 

-----, K. M. Weickmann*, and K. A. Harris*, 1999:  Real-time monitoring of modes of coherent synoptic to intraseasonal tropical variability.  Preprints, 8th Conference on Climate Variations, Denver, CO, 24-29. 
  Atmospheric Technology Division

Refereed (Peer-Reviewed Publications)

Non-Refereed

Brown, W. O. J., S. A. Cohn, C. Martin, G. Maclean, M. Susedik, and D. Parsons, 1999: Clear air wind profiling with MAPR. Preprints, Proc. 9th Atmospheric Radiation Measurement-ARM Science Team Meeting, San Antonio, TX.

——, ——, ——, ——, ——, 1999: NCAR's multiple antenna profiler radar. Preprints, 29th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 815-818.

——, ——, M. Susedik, C. L. Martin, G. Maclean, and D. B. Parsons, 1999: The NCAR/ARM multiple antenna profiler. Preprints, Proc. 9th Atmospheric Radiation Measurement-ARM Sci. Team Meeting, San Antonio, TX.

Carbone, R. E., *T. D. Keenan, *J. Hacker, and J. Wilson, 1999: Tropical island convection in the absence of significant topography. Preprints, 8th Conf. on Mesoscale Processes, Boulder, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc..

——, ——, ——, and ——, 1999: Tropical island convection in the absence of significant topography. Preprints, 23rd Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteor., Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 503-533.

——, J. D. Tuttle, L. J. Miller, R. Oye, and S. B. Trier, 1999: Large domain studies of warm season precipitation episodes. Preprints, 29th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 596-599.

Cohn, S. A., and *W. M. Angevine, 1999: Convective boundary layer heights and entrainment zone thickness measured by lidars and radar wind profilers. Preprints, Proc. 13th Symp. on Boundary Layers and Turbulence, Dallas, TX, 102-105.

——, W. O. J. Brown, and D. Parsons, 1999: Preliminary analysis of the ARM TOCS cruise. Preprints, Proc. 9th Atmospheric Radiation Measurement-ARM Sci. Team Meeting, San Antonio, TX.

——, ——, *J. Jordan, and L. Cornman, 1999: Recent developments in boundary layer radar wind profiling. Preprints, 29th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 819-822.

*Dabas, A., *Ph. Drobinski, *R. M. Hardesty, *A. Brewer, and V. Wulfmeyer, 1999: Measuring turbulence parameters with coherent lidars. Preprints. 10th Coherent Laser Radar Conf., Mount Hood, Oregon.

*Dodge, P., *S. Houston, W.-C. Lee, *J. Gamache, and *F. D. Marks, Jr., 1999: Windfields in hurricane Danny (1997) at landfall from combined WSR-88D and airborne doppler radar data. Preprints, 23rd Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteor., Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., I, 61-62.

*Doviak, R. J., C. Frush, *M. Sachidananda, and *D. S. Zrinic, 1999: Implementation and fire tests of a systematic phase code to separate overland weather echoes. Preprints, Indiana Radar Conf., Indiana, IN.

Durlak, S., D. Baumgardner, and *G. B. Raga, 1999: Examination of the evolution of Mexico City aerosols using an aerosol and photochemical box model. Preprints, Annual Meeting of the American Assoc. for Aerosol Research, Tacoma, WA.

Ellis, S., 1999: Compensating Reflectivity for Clutter Filter Bias. Preprints, 15th Conf. on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS), Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 4.

——, C. L. Frush, 1999: Compensating reflectivity estimates biased by ground clutter filters. Preprints, URSI Nat. Radio Sci. Meeting, Boulder, CO, 299.

——, F. Pratte, and C. Frush, 1999: Compensating reflectivity for clutter filter bias in the WSR-88D. Preprints, 15th Conf. on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS), Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 306-309.

——, ——, and ——, 1999: Compensating reflectivity for clutter filter bias in the WSR-88D. Preprints, 29th Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 572-575.

——, ——, and ——, 1999: Compensating reflectivity for clutter filter bias in the WSR-88D. Preprints, URSI Nat. Conf. on Radio Sci., Boulder, CO.

——, J. Vivekanandan, and E. A. Brandes, 1999: Verification of polarimetric radar based cloud microphysical results using aircraft observations. Preprints, 29th Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 180-183.

*Forbes, G., *A. Chiu, W.-C. Lee, and *P. Dodge, 1999: Super typhoon paka's (1997) surface winds. Preprints, 23rd Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteor., Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., I, 1032-1033.

Frush, C., 1999: Reduction of radar range ambiguity using SA (8/64) coded phase transmit sequence. Preprints, 15th Conf. on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS), Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 4.

——, and J. Daughenbaugh, 1999: Range/Velocity ambiguity reduction: Evaluation of the SZ(8/64) phase code on a WSR-88D radar. Preprints, 29th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 513-515.

——, and ——, 1999: Reduction of radar range ambiguity: Performance evaluation using phase coded transmissions on a NEXRAD radar. Preprints, URSI Nat. Radio Sci. Meeting, Boulder, CO, 302.

Guichard, F., J. Dudhia, and D. Parsons, 1999: Improvement of MM5 surface fields with the RRTM longwave radiative scheme. Preprints, MM5 Workshop, Boulder, CO.

——, D. Parsons, and J. Dudhia, 1999: Evaluation d'un modele de meso-echelle a l'echelle saisonniere. Preprints, Atelier de Modélisation de l'atmosphère, Toulouse, France.

——, ——, and ——, 1999: Evaluating mesoscale model predictions and parameterizations agains SCP ARM data on a seasonal time scale. Preprints, 9th ARM Sci. Team Meeting, San Antonio, TX.

——, ——, and E. Miller, 1999: Impact thermodynamique et radiatif d'un biais sec dansles mesures d'humidite par radiosondes. Preprints, Atelier de Modé lisation de l'atmosphère, Toulouse, France.

——, ——, and ——, 1999: The radiative impact of a correction for a sonde humidity bias over the tropical western Pacific. Preprints, 9th ARM Sci. Team Meeting, San Antonio, TX.

*Guo, Y.-R., *Y.-H. Kuo, J. Dudhia, and D. B. Parsons, 1999: Assimilation of ARM WVIOP-96 data for Oklahoma. Preprints, 9th ARM Sci. Team Meeting, San Antonio, TX.

*Hagen, M., *P. Meischner, , *Wurman, M. Randall, and C. Burghart, 1999: A C-band bistatic doppler radar system at DLR Oberpfaffenhofen. Preprints, 29th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 813-814.

*Hanssen, R. F., and T. M. Weckwerth, 1999: Evaluation of spatial moisture distribution during CLARA 96 using spaceborne radar interferometry. Preprints, Remote Sensing of Cloud Parameter: Retrieval and Validation Symposium, Delft, The Netherlands, 15-20.

Hildebrand, P., 1999: Observation of narrow cold-frontal rainbands and gravity currents in FASTEX. Preprints, 29th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 549-552.

*Jou, B. J.-D., *P.-L. Chang, and W.-C. Lee, 1999: Radar analysis of a typhoon spiral rainband. Preprints, 29th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 362-363.

Keeler, R. J., J. C. Kessinger, S. M. Ellis, and J. Van Andel, 1999: AP clutter detection and mitigation: NEXRAD implementation plan. Preprints, 29th Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 580-581.

——, ——, ——, and ——, 1999: NEXRAD AP clutter recognition and suppression. Preprints, URSI Nat. Radio Sci. Meeting, Boulder, CO, 301.

——, ——, J. Van Andel, and S. M. Ellis, 1999: Implementation of NEXRAD AP clutter processing. Preprints, 15th Conf. on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS) for Meteor., Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 304-305.

——, ——, ——, and ——, 1999: Implementation of NEXRAD AP clutter processing. Preprints, URSI Conf. on Radio Sci., Boulder, CO.

——, *D. S. Zrnic, and C. L. Frush, 1999: Review of range velocity ambiguity mitigation techniques. Preprints, 29th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 158-163.

Kessinger, C., S. M. Ellis, and J. Van Andel, 1999: An algorithm to detect anomalously propagated ground clutter for the WSR-88D. Preprints, 15th Conf. on Interactive Information and Processing Systems, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 310-311.

——, ——, and ——, 1999: A fuzzy logic, radar echo-classification scheme for the WSR-88D. Preprints, 29th Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 576-579.

——, ——, and ——, 1999: An algorithm to detect anomalously propagated ground clutter for the WSR-88D. Preprints, URSI Conf. on Radio Sci., Boulder, CO.

——, ——, and ——, 1999: Detection of anomalously-propagated ground clutter using fuzzy logic. Preprints, URSI Nat. Radio Sci. Meeting, Boulder, CO, 300.

——, ——, S. M. Ellis, 1999: Preliminary experiments with AP clutter recognition using WSR-88D data collected with the AIDA time-series recorder. Preprints, 15th Conf. on Interactive Information and Processing Systems, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 314-317.

Lee, W.-C., *B. J.-D. Jou, *P.-L. Chang, 1999: Evolution and structure of typhoon Alex (1987) from single doppler radar observations. Preprints, 29th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 358-361.

——, *F. D. Marks, Jr., and *P. Dodge, 1999: Structure of Hurricane Danny (1997) from WSR-88D data. Preprints, 23rd Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteor., Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., I, 959-960.

*Liu, Y., *J. W. Conway, E. A. Brandes, *A. V. Ryzhkov, J. Vivekanandan, *D. S. Zrnic, and R. Oye, 1999: The use of polarization data in the operational identification of hydrometeor and non-hydrometeor targets. Preprints, 29th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 192-194.

Miller, E. R., J. Wang, and H. L. Cole, 1999: Correction for dry bias in Vaisala radiosonde RH data. Preprints, ARM Sci. Team Meeting, San Antonio, TX.

Mueller, C. K., and J. W. Wilson, 1999: Preliminary efforts toward 1-2 hr national thunderstorm initiation forecasts. Preprints, 29th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 13-20.

*Murillo, S. T., W.-C. Lee, *P. Dodge, and *F. D. Marks, Jr., 1999: Using the GBVTD technique in nowcasting hurricane wind fields using the WSR-88D. Preprints, 29th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 276-277.

*——, ——, *K. Hondl, *P. Dodge, *C. McAdie, and *F. D. Marks, Jr., 1999: Implementation of the GBVTD technique in nowcasting hurricane wind fields using the WSR-88D. Preprints, 23rd Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteor., Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., I, 311-312.

Parsons, D. B., W. O. J. Brown, and S. A. Cohn, 1999: High resolution structure of cold fronts observed in Colorado by in situ instrumentation and a spaced antenna wind profiling system. Preprints, 29th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 557-560.

*Raga, G. B., D. Baumgardner, *A. Baez, and *I. Rosas, 1999: Evidence for volcanic influence on Mexico City aerosols. Preprints, Int. Union of Geophysics and Geodesy, Birmingham, England.

——, ——, 1999: Size spectral evolution of Mexico City aerosols. Preprints, Annual Meeting of the American Assoc. for Aerosol Research, Tacoma, WA.

Randall, M., 1999: PIRAQII: PC based radar digital receiver/processor offers more than MIPS. Preprints, 29th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 525-528.

Roberts, R. D., D. W. Breed, and *P. C. Kennedy, 1999: Multiparameter radar, aircraft, and satellite signatures associated with precipitation formation in Colorado convective clouds. Preprints, 29th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 896-899.

——, T. Saxen, C. Mueller, J. Wilson, A. Crook, J. Sun, and S. Henry, 1999: Operational application and use of NCAR's thunderstorm nowcasting system. Preprints, 15th Int. Conf. on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS), Dallas, Texas, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 158-161.

Saxen, T. R., C. K. Mueller, *T. C. Jameson, and *E. Hatfield, 1999: Determining key parameters for forecasting thunderstorms at White Sands Missile Range. Preprints, 29th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 9-12.

Serafin, R. J., and J. W. Wilson, 1999: Operational weather radar in the U.S.: Progress and Opportunity. Preprints, COST-75 Advanced Weather Radar System, Int. Seminar, Locarno, Switzerland, 35-61, ISBN 92-828-4907-4.

*Smith, P. L., and R. J. Keeler, 1999: Why horizontal polarization? Preprints, 29th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 201-202.

*Steiner, M., *J. A. Smith, C. Kessinger, and *B. S. Ferrier, 1999: Evaluation of algorithm parameters for radar data quality control. Preprints, 29th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 582-585.

Van Andel, J., C. Kessinger, and *D. Ecoff, 1999: APCAT: An AP clutter analysis tool. Preprints, 29th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 267-269.

Vivekanandan, J., S. M. Ellis, E. A. Brandes, and R. A. Rilling, 1999: Absolute calibration of radar reflectivity using polarimetric radar observations. Preprints, 1st USWRP Science Symposium, Boulder, CO.

——, G. Zhang, and M. K. Politovich, 1999: Estimate of droplet size and liquid water content using dual-frequency radar measurements for aircraft icing detection. Preprints, 29th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 872-875.

——, ——, and *A. V. Ryzhkov, 1999: Estimation of canting angle distribution of raindrop spectra using radar measurements. Preprints, Int. Radar Symposium, Bangalore, India, 1R S1-99.

——, *D. S. Zrnic, S. M. Ellis, R. Oye, *A. V. Ryzhkov, and *J. Straka, 1999: Cloud microphysics retrieval using S-band dual- polarization radar measurement. Preprints, 15th Int. Conf. on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS), Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 287-290.

*Wang, J.-J., *R. M. Rauber, *H. T. Ochs, III, and R. E. Carbone, 1999: A radar study of the effects of the island of Hawaii on offshore rainband evolution. Preprints, 29th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 422-425.

Weckwerth, T. M., 1999: The effect of small-scale moisture variability on thunderstorm initiation. Preprints, 29th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 17-20.

Wilson, J., 1999: Evolution of radar and other variables for the 0-2 hr forecast of thunderstorms. Preprints, 29th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 4.

——, 1999: Tropical island convection in the absence of significant topography: Part II: Evolution of the mesoscale convective systems. Preprints, 15th Int. Conf. on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (IIPS), Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 4 .

——, *T. D. Keenan, and R. E. Carbone, 1999: Tropical island convection in the absence of significant topography part II: evolution of mesoscale convective systems. Preprints, 8th Conf. on Mesoscale Processes, Boulder, CO, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 534-537.

——, ——, and ——, 1999: Tropical island convection in the absence of significant topography part II: evolution of mesoscale convective systems. Preprints, 23rd Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 534-537.

——, and R. D. Roberts, 1999: Evaluation of radar and other variables for the 0-2 hr. forecast of thunderstorms. Preprints, 29th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteor., Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 5-8.

Wulfmeyer, V., 1999: Water vapor differential absorption lidar: A reference standard for water vapor profiling in the atmosphere. Chapman Conference on water vapor in the climate system, Potomac, Maryland, 24.

Climate and Global Dynamics Division

Bold face denotes university collaborators and * denotes non-NCAR collaborators 

*Achatz, U., and G. W. Branstator, 1999: A two-layer model with empirical linear corrections and reduced order for studies of internal climate variability.  J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 3140-3160. 

*Alexander, M., C. Deser, and *M. Timlin, 1998: The re-emergence of SST anomalies in the North Pacific Ocean.  J. Climate, 12, 2419-2431. 

Asner, G. P., C. A. Wessman, and D. S. Schimel, 1998: Heterogeneity of savanna canopy structure and function from imaging spectrometry and inverse modeling. Ecological Applications 8, 1022-1036. 

Baird, A. J., and R. L. Wilby, Eds., 1999: Eco-Hydrology: Plants and Water in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments. Routledge, 402 pp. 

Barnett, T. P., D. W. Pierce, R. Saravanan, N. Schneider, *D. Dommenget, and *M. Latif, 1999: Origins of the midlatitude Pacific decadal variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1453-1456. 

Barnett, T. P., D. W. Pierce, *M. Latif, *D. Dommenget, and R. Saravanan, 1999: Interdecadal interactions between the tropics and midlatitudes in the Pacific basin. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 615-618. 

Baron, J. S., M. D. Hartman, T. G. F. Kittel, L. E. Band, D. S. Ojima, *R. B. Lammers, 1998: Effects of land cover, water redistribution, and temperature on ecosystem processes in the South Platte Basin. Ecological Applications, 8, 1037-1051. 

Berloff, P. S., and J. C. McWilliams, 1998: Large-scale, low-frequency variability in wind-driven ocean gyres. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 1925-1949. 

Berloff, P. S., and J. C. McWilliams, 1999: Quasigeostrophic dynamics of the western boundary current. J. Phys. Oceanogr., in press. 

Bonan, G. B., and L. M. Stillwell-Soller, 1998: Soil water and the persistence of floods and droughts in the Mississippi River Basin. Water Resour. Res., 34, 2693-2701. 

Brady, E. C., R. M. DeConto, and S. L. Thompson, 1998: Deep water formation and poleward ocean heat transport in the warm climate extreme of the Cretaceous (80 Ma). Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 4205-4208. 

Branstator, G., and S. E. Haupt, 1998: An empirical model of barotropic atmospheric dynamics and its response to tropical forcing. J. Climate, 11, 2645-2667. 

Brasseur, G. P., J. T. Kiehl, *J. -F. Muller, T. Schneider, *C. Granier, *X. X. Tie, and *D. Hauglustaine, 1998: Past and future changes in global tropospheric ozone: Impact on radiative forcing. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3807-3810. 

Celaya, M., J. Wahr, and F. O. Bryan, 1999: Climate driven polar motion. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 12 813-12 829. 

Chang, P., R. Saravanan, L. Ji, and G. C. Hegerl, 1999: The effect of local sea-surface temperatures on atmospheric circulation over the tropical Atlantic sector. J. Climate, in press. 

Chase, T. N., R. A. Pielke, Sr., T. G. F. Kittel, J. S. Baron, and T. J. Stohlgren, 1999: Potential impacts on Colorado Rocky Mountain weather due to land use changes on the adjacent Great Plains. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 16 673-16 690. 

Chase, T. N., R. A. Pielke, Sr., T. G. F. Kittel, *R. R. Nemani, and S. W. Running, 1999: Simulated impacts of historical land cover changes on global climate in northern winter. Clim. Dyn., in press. 

*Ciais, P., *P. Friedlingstein, D. S. Schimel, and *P. P. Tans, 1999: A global calculation of the d¹³C of soil respired carbon: Implications for the biospheric uptake of anthropogenic CO₂. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 13, 519-530. 

Cleveland, C. C., A. R. Townsend, D. S. Schimel, H. Fisher, R. W. Howarth, L. O. Hedin, S. S. Perakis, E. F. Latty, J. C. Von Fischer, A. Elseroad, and M. F. Wasson, 1999: Global patterns of terrestrial biological nitrogen (N₂) fixation in natural ecosystems. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 13, 623-645. 

Collins, W. D., 1998: A global signature of enhanced shortwave absorption by clouds. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 31 669-31 679. 

Colucci, S. J., D. P. Baumhefner, and *C. E. Konrad II, 1999: Numerical prediction of a cold-air outbreak: A case study with ensemble forecasts. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 1538-1550. 

Cressie, N., and C. K. Wikle, 1998: The variance-based cross-variogram: You can add apples and oranges. Mathematical Geology, 30, 789-799. 

Dai, A., 1999: Recent changes in the diurnal cycle of precipitation over the United States. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 341–344. 

Dai, A., K. E. Trenberth and *T. R. Karl, 1999: Effects of clouds, soil moisture, precipitation and water vapor on diurnal temperature range. J. Climate, 12, 2451–2473. 

Dai, A., and C. Deser, 1999: Diurnal and semidiurnal variations in global surface wind and divergence fields. J. Geophys. Res., in press. 

Dai, A., F. Giorgi, and K. E. Trenberth, 1999: Observed and model simulated precipitation diurnal cycles over the contiguous United States. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 6377-6402. 

Dai, A., and *J. Wang, 1999: Diurnal and semidiurnal tides in global surface pressure fields. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 3874-3891. 

Dawson, C. W., and R. L. Wilby, 1999: A comparison of artifical neural networks used for rainfall-runoff modelling. Hydrology and Earth Systems Science, in press. 

Deser, C., 1999: On the annularity of the Arctic Oscillation. J. Geophys. Res., in press. 

Deser, C., *M. A. Alexander, and *M. S. Timlin, 1999: Evidence for a wind-driven intensification of the Kuroshio Current Extension from the 1970s to the 1980s. J. Climate, 12, 1697-1706. 

Deser, C., J. E. Walsh, and *M. S. Timlin, 1999: Arctic sea ice variability in the context of recent atmospheric circulation trends. J. Climate, in press. 

Doney, S. C., 1999: Major challenges confronting marine biogeochemical modeling. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 13, 705-714. 

Doney, S. C., D. W. R. Wallace, and H. W. Ducklow, 1999: The North Atlantic Carbon Cycle: New Perspectives from JGOFS and WOCE. The Dynamic Ocean Carbon Cycle: A Midterm Synthesis of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study, R. Hanson, H. Ducklow, and J. Field, Eds., Cambridge University Press, in press. 

Ehrendorfer, M., R. M. Errico, and K. D. Raeder, 1999: Singular vector perturbation growth in a primitive equation model with moist physics. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1627-1648. 

Errico, R. M., 1999: Workshop on assimilation of satellite data. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 463-471. 

Errico, R. M., 1999: Report of the workshop on assimilation of satellite data held at NASA/GSFC 21-23 April 1998. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 463-471. 

Errico, R. M., and K. D. Raeder, 1999: An examination of the accuracy of the linearization of a mesoscale model with moist physics. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., in press. 

Errico, R. M., and *R. Langland, 1999: Notes on the appropriateness of "bred modes" for generating initial perturbations used in ensemble prediction. Tellus, 51A, 431-441. 

Errico, R. M., and *R. Langland, 1999: Response to comments by Toth et al. Tellus, 51A, 450-451. 

Eugster W., W. R. Rouse, R. A. Pielke, Sr., J. P. McFadden, *D. D. Baldocchi, T. G. F. Kittel, F. S. Chapin, III, G. E. Liston, P. L. Vidale, *E. Vaganov, and S. Chambers, 1999: Land-atmosphere energy exchange in arctic tundra and boreal forest: available data and feedbacks to climate. Global Change Biology, in press. 

Fuentes, M., 1999: Predicting integrals of diffusion processes with unknown diffusion parameters. Stochastics, in press. 

Fuentes, M., S. C. Doney, *D. M. Glover, and *S. J. McCue, 1999: Spatial structure of the SeaWiFS ocean color data for the North Atlantic Ocean. Statistics for Understanding the Atmosphere, Mark Berliner, Ed., in press. 

Fung, I. Y., *S. K. Meyn, *I. Tegen, S. C. Doney, J. G. John, and *J. K. B. Bishop, 1999: Iron supply and demand in the upper ocean. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, in press. 

Giorgi, F., G. A. Meehl, *A. Kattenberg, *H. Grass, *J. F. B. Mitchell, *R. J. Stouffer, *T. Tokioka, *A. J. Weaver, and T. M. L. Wigley, 1998: Simulation of climate change with global coupled climate models and regional modeling techniques. (Annex B to) The Regional Impacts of Climate Change: An Assessment of Vulnerability. A Special Report of IPCC Working Group II, R. T. Watson, M. C. Zinyowera, and R. H. Moss, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 427–437. 

*Gould, J., and K. E. Trenberth, 1999: The WCRP Joint Scientific Committee - 20th Meeting (JSC XX). Exchanges, 4, 2, 7. 

Grunwald, G. K., and R. H. Jones, 1999: Markov models for time series with mixed distribution. Envirometrics, in press. 

*Hassan, H., A. Aramaki, K. Hanaki, T. Matsuo, and R. L. Wilby, 1999: Lake stratification and temperature profiles simulated using downscaled GCM output. Wat. Sci. Tech., 38, 217–226. 

Hoffert, M. I., *A. K. Caldeira, A. K. Jain, *E. F. Haites, L. D. D. Harvey, S. D. Potter, M. E. Schlesinger, S. H. Schneider, R. G. Watts, T. M. L. Wigley, and D. J. Wuebbles, 1999: Energy implications of CO₂ stabilization. Nature, 395, 881-884. 

*Hua, B. L., J. C. McWilliams, and *P. Klein, 1998: Lagrangian acceleration and dispersion in geostrophic turbulence. J. Fluid Mech., 366, 87-108. 

Hurrell, J. W., 1998: Relationships among recent atmospheric circulation changes, global warming, and satellite temperatures. Sci. Progress, 81, 205-224. 

Hurrell, J. W., H. van Loon, and D. J. Shea, 1998: The mean state of the troposphere. Meteorology of the Southern Hemisphere, D. Karoly and D. Vincent, Eds., Amer. Meteor. Soc., 1-46. 

Hurrell, J. W., and K. E. Trenberth, 1999: Global sea surface temperature analyses: multiple problems and their implications for climate analysis, modeling and reanalysis. Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., in press. 

*Joyce, T., C. Deser, and *M. Spall, 1999: Decadal variability of subtropical mode water in the North Atlantic and large-scale patterns of air-sea forcing.  J. Climate, in press. 

Julien, K., *S. Legg, J. C. McWilliams, and J. Werne, 1998: Plumes in rotating convection. Part 1: Ensemble statistics and dynamical balances. J. Fluid Mech., 391, 151-187. 

*Karl, T., and K. E. Trenberth, 1999: The human impact on climate. Scientific American, 98-103. 

Kasahara, A., 1999: On the origin of cumulus parameterization for numerical prediction model. General Circulation Model Development: Past, Present and Future, D. Randall, Ed., Academic Press, in press. 

Kinney, R. M., and J. C. McWilliams, 1998: Turbulent cascades in anisotropic magnetohydrodynamics. Phys. Rev. E, 57, 7111-7121. 

Kinney, R. M., F. Coroniti, J. C. McWilliams, and *P. Pritchett, 1999: Mechanisms for discrete auroral arc breakup by nonlinear Alfven wave interaction.    J. Geophys. Res., in press. 

Kinney, R. M., and J. C. McWilliams, 1999: Reduced dynamical equations for the high-latitude thermosphere: Ion drag balance. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 6805-6812. 

Kleypas, J. A., R. R. Buddemeier, D. Archer, *J.-P. Gattuso, C. Langdon, and B. N. Opdyke, 1999: Geochemical consequences of increased atmospheric CO₂ on coral reefs. Science, 284, 118-120. 

Kleypas, J. A., J. McManus, and L. Menez, 1999: Using environmental data to define reef habitat: Where do we draw the line? Amer. Zool., 39, 146-159. 

Kittel, T. G. F., 1998: Effects of climatic variability on herbaceous phenology and observed species richness in temperate montane habitats, Lake Tahoe Basin, Nevada. Madrono, 45, 75-84. 

Kittel, T. G. F., *W. L. Steffen, and F. S. Chapin, III, 1999: Global and regional modeling of arctic-boreal vegetation distribution and its sensitivity to altered forcing. Global Change Biology, in press. 

Labitzke, K. G., and H. van Loon, 1999: The Stratosphere Phenomena, History, and Relevance. Springer-Verlag, 179 pp. 

Large, W. G., and P. R. Gent, 1999: Validation of vertical mixing in an equatorial ocean model using large eddy simulations and observations. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 449-464. 

*Lee, K., *R. Wanninkhof, T. Takahashi, S. C. Doney, and *R. A. Feely, 1998: Low interannual variability in recent oceanic uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Nature, 396, 155-159. 

*Lee, K., *R. Wanninkhof, T. Takahashi, S. C. Doney, and *R. A. Feely, 1999: No evidence for large interannual variations in oceanic carbon uptake. Nature, in press. 

*Legg, S., J. C. McWilliams, and *J. Gao, 1998: Localization of deep ocean convection by a geostrophic eddy. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 48, 944-970. 

*Legg, S., and J. C. McWilliams, 1999: Temperature and salinity variability in heterogeneous oceanic convection. J. Phys. Oceanogr., in press. 

Lejenäs, H., and R. A. Madden, 1999: Mountain torques caused by normal-mode global Rossby waves and the impact on atmospheric angular momentum. J. Atmos. Sci., in press. 

Levine, R. A., and L. M. Berliner, 1999: Statistical principles for climate change studies. J. Climate, 12, 564–574. 

Lietzke, C. E., C. Deser, and T. H. Vonder Haar, 1999: Evolutionary structure of the eastern Pacific doubled ITCZ based on satellite moisture profile retrievals. J. Climate, in press. 

*Liu, S., W. A. Reiners, *M. Keller, and D. S. Schimel, 1999: Model simulation of changes in N₂O and NO emissions with conversion of tropical rain forests to pastures in the Costa Rican Atlantic Zone. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 13, 663-677. 

*Lu, Z-Q., and L. M. Berliner, 1999: Markov switching time series models with application to daily runoff series. Water Resour. Res., 35, 523–534. 

Madden, R. A., T. J. Hoar, and R. F. Milliff, 1998: Scatterometer winds composited according to the phase of the Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation. Tellus, 51A, 263-272. 

Madden, R. A., D. J. Shea, R. W. Katz, and *J. W. Kidson, 1998: The potential for long-range predictability of precipitation over New Zealand. Int. J. Climate, 19, 405-421. 

Madden, R. A., H. Lejenäs, and J. J. Hack, 1998: Semi-diurnal variations in the budget of angular momentum in a general circulation model and in the real atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2561-2575. 

Madden, R. A., and D. J. Shea, 1999: To potential for long-range predictability of temperature and precipitation over Japan. J. Japanese Meteor. Soc., in press. 

Magnusdottir, G., and R. Saravanan, 1999: The response of atmospheric heat transport to zonally averaged SST trends. Tellus, in press. 

Marshall, J., *F. Dobson, K. Moore, P. Rhines, *M. Visbeck, E. d’Asaro, K. Bumke, *S. Chang, R. Davis, *K. Fischer, *R. Garwood, *P. Guest, *R. Harcourt, C. Herbaut, *T. Holt, *J. Lazier, *S. Legg, J. McWilliams, *R. Pickart, M. Prater, I. Renfrew, F. Schott, U. Send, and *W. Smethie, 1998: The Labrador Sea deep convection experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 79, 2033-2058. 

McWilliams, J. C., 1998: Oceanic general circulation models. Ocean Modeling and Parameterization, E. Chassignet, Ed., Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1-44. 

McWilliams, J. C., and I. Yavneh, 1998: Fluctuation growth and instability associated with a singularity of the balance equations. Physics of Fluids, 10, 2587-2596 

McWilliams, J. C., I. Yavneh, *M. J. P. Cullen, and P. R. Gent, 1998: The breakdown of large-scale flows in rotating, stratified fluids. Physics of Fluids, 10, 3178-3184. 

McWilliams, J. C., 1999: The formulation of oceanic general circulation models. General Circulation Model Development: Past, Present, and Future: Proceedings of a Symposium in honor of Professor Akio Arakawa, D. Randall, Ed., Academic Press, in press. 

McWilliams, J. C., and J. M. Restrepo, 1999: The wave-driven ocean circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 2523-2540. 

McWilliams, J. C., I. Yavneh, *M. J. P. Cullen, and P. R. Gent, 1999: Limits of balance, loss of stability, and a conjecture about turbulent cascade and dissipation rates. Physics of Fluids, 10, 2587-2596. 

McWilliams, J. C., J. B. Weiss, and I. Yavneh, 1999: The vortices of homogeneous geostrophic turbulence. J. Fluid Mech., in press. 

McWilliams, J. C., C. -H. Moeng, and P. P. Sullivan, 1999: Turbulent fluxes and coherent structures in marine boundary layers: Investigations by large-eddy simulation. Air-Sea Exchange: Physics, Chemistry, Dynamics, and Statistics, G. Geernaert, Ed., Kluwer Academic Publishers, in press. 

McWilliams, J. C., and P. P. Sullivan, 1999: Surface-wave effects on winds and currents in marine boundary layers. Environmental Fluid Dynamics, J. Lumley, Ed., Sringer-Verlag, in press. 

Meehl, G. A., 1998: Climate modeling. Meteorology of the Southern Hemisphere, D. Karoly and D. Vincent, Eds., American Meteorological Society, 365-410. 

Meehl, G. A., 1998: Scale interactions in atmosphere, ocean and coupled models. Climatic Impact of Scale Interactions for the Tropical Ocean-Atmosphere System, J. Slingo, P. Delecluse, and G. Komen, Eds., Euroclivar Publication, 13, 44–45. 

Meehl, G. A., J. W. Hurrell, and H. van Loon, 1998: A modulation of the mechanism of the semiannual oscillation in the Southern Hemisphere. Tellus, 50A, 442-450. 

Meehl, G. A., J. M. Arblaster, and W. G. Strand Jr., 1998: Global scale decadal climate variability, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3983-3986. 

Meehl, G. A., W. Collins, B. Boville, J. T. Kiehl, T. M. L. Wigley, and J. M. Arblaster, 1999: Response of the NCAR Climate System Model to increased CO₂ and the role of physical processes. J. Climate (in press). 

Meiring, W., P. Guttorp, and P. D. Sampson, 1999: Space-time estimation of grid-cell hourly ozone levels for assessment of a deterministic model. Environmental and Ecological Statistics, 5, 197-222. 

Milliff, R. F., W. G. Large, J. Morzel, and G. Danabasoglu, 1999: Ocean general circulation model sensitivity to forcing from scatterometer winds. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 11 337-11 358. 

Milliff, R. F., T. J. Hoar, H. van Loon, and M. Raphael, 1999: Quasi-stationary wave variability in NSCAT winds. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 11 425–11 436. 

Murphy, S. J., *H. E. Hurlburt, and J. J. O'Brien, 1999: The connectivity of mesoscale variability in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 1431–1453. 

Newton, C. W., and *H. R. Newton, 1999: The life cycles of extratropical cyclones. The Bergen School Concepts Comes to America, M. Shapiro and S. Gronas, Eds., Amer. Meteor. Soc., 41–59. 

Ojima, D., L. Garcia, E. Elgaali, K. Miller, T. Kittel, and J. Lackett, 1999: Potential climate change impacts on water resources in the Great Plains. J. Amer. Water Resources Assoc., in press. 

Otto-Bliesner, B. L., 1999: El Nino/La Nina and Sahel precipitation during the middle Holocene. Geophs. Res. Lett., 26, 87-90. 

Prather, M., *R. Sausen, *A. S. Grossman, *J. M. Haywood, *D. Rind, *B. H. Subbaraya, P. Forster, A. Jain, *M. Ponater, U. Schumann, W.-C. Wang, T. M. L. Wigley, and D. J. Wuebbles, 1999: Potential climate change from aviation. Aviation and the Global Atmosphere, J. E. Penner, D. H. Lister, D. J. Griggs, D. J. Dokken and M. McFarland, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 185–215. 

*Reynolds, C., and R. M. Errico, 1999: Convergence of singular vectors toward Lyapunov vectors. Mon. Wea Rev., 127, 2309-2323. 

*Royle, J. A., L. M. Berliner, C. K. Wikle, and R. F. Milliff, 1998: A hierarchical spatial model for constructing wind fields from scatterometer data in the Labrador Sea. Case Studies in Bayesian Statistics IV, C. Gatsonis, R. E. Kass, B. Carlin, A. Carriquiry, A.Gelman, I. Verdinelli, and M. West, Eds., Springer-Verlag, 367-382. 

*Royle, J. A., and L. M. Berliner, 1999: A hierarchical approach to multivariate spatial modeling and prediction. J. Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, 4, 29–56. 

*Santer, B. D., *J. J Hnilo, T. M. L Wigley, *J. S. Boyle, *C. Doutriaux, *M. Fiorino, *D. E. Parker, and *K. E. Taylor, 1999: Uncertainties in observationally based estimates of temperature change in the free atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 6305–6333. 

Saravanan, R., and P. Chang, 1999: Oceanic mixed layer feedback and tropical Atlantic variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., in press. 

Saravanan, R., and P. Chang, 1999: Interaction between tropical Atlantic variability and El Nino-Southern Oscillation. J. Climate, in press. 

Saravanan, R., G. Danabasoglu, S. C. Doney, and J. C. McWilliams, 1999: Decadal variability and predictability in the midlatitude ocean-atmosphere system. J. Climate, in press. 

Schimel, D. S., and *N. S. Panikov, 1999: Simulation models of terrestrial trace gas fluxes at soil microsites to global scales. Approaches to Scaling of Trace Gas Fluxes in Ecosystems, L. Bouwman, Ed., Elsevier Science, 185-202. 

*Schneider, N., *A. J. Miller, *M. A. Alexander, and C. Deser, 1998: Subduction of decadal North Pacific temperature anomalies: Observations and dynamics. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 1056-1070. 

Schneider, T., *C. Granier, X. X. Tie, *D. Hauglustaine, G. B. Bonan, and *L. M. Stillwell-Soller, 1998: Soil water and the persistence of floods and droughts in the Mississippi River Basin. Water Resour. Res., 34, 2693-2701. 

*Schneider, N., *S. Venzke, *A. J. Miller, *D. W. Pierce, *T. P. Barnett, C. Deser, and *M. Latif, 1999: Pacific thermocline bridge revisited. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1329–1332. 

*Seth, A., and F. Giorgi, 1999: The effects of domain choice on summer precipitation simulation and sensitivity in a regional climate model. J. Climate, in press. 

Shchepetkin, A., and J. C. McWilliams, 1998: Quasi-monotone advection schemes based on explicit locally adaptive dissipation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 1541-1580. 

*Smith, R. D., *M. E. Maltrud, F. O. Bryan, and M. W. Hecht, 1999: Numerical simulation of the North Atlantic Ocean at 1/10°. J. Phys. Oceanogr., in press. 

Smith, S. J., and T. M. L. Wigley, 1999: Global warming potentials: 1. Climatic implications of emissions reductions. Climatic Change, 44, in press. 

Smith, S. J., and T. M. L. Wigley, 1999: Global warming potentials: 2. Accuracy. Climatic Change, 44, in press. 

Sneddon, G., 1999: Smoothing in an underdetermined linear model with random explanatory variables. Canadian Journal of Statistics, 27, 63-79. 

Sullivan, P. P., J. C. McWilliams, and C. -H. Moeng, 1999: Simulation of turbulent flow over idealized water waves. J. Fluid Mech., in press. 

Tailleux, R., and J. C. McWilliams, 1999: Acceleration, creation, and depletion of wind-driven, baroclinic Rossby waves over an ocean ridge. J. Phys. Oceanogr., in press. 

Trenberth, K. E., 1998: Atmospheric moisture residence times and cycling: Implications for rainfall rates with climate. Clim. Change, 39, 667-694. 

Trenberth, K. E., and C. J. Guillemot, 1998: Estimating evaporation-minus-precipitation as a residual of the atmospheric water budget. Global Energy and Water Cycles, K. Browning and R. Gurney, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 236–246. 

Trenberth, K. E., 1999: Short-term climate variations. Recent Accomplishments and Issues for Future Progress. Storms. Vol. 1. R. Pielke, Sr. and R. Pielke, Jr., Eds., Routledge Press, 126-141. 

Trenberth, K. E., 1999: Earth system processes and interactions. Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change. Vol. 1. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., in press. 

Trenberth, K. E., 1999: Global climate project shows early promise. Eos, 80, 274-275. 

Trenberth, K. E., 1999: A perspective on the weather events of 1997 and 1998. Consequences, 4, in press. 

Trenberth, K. E., 1999: Atmospheric moisture recycling: Role of advection and local evaporation. J. Climate, 12, 1368–1381. 

Trenberth, K. E., 1999: Conceptual framework for changes of extremes of the hydrological cycle with climate change. Clim. Change, 42, 327–339. 

Trenberth, K. E., and J. W. Hurrell, 1999: Reply to Rajagopalan, Lall and Cane's comment about "The interpretation of short climate records with comments on the North Atlantic and Southern Oscillations.'' Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., in press. 

Trenberth, K. E., and J. W. Hurrell, 1999: Comment on "The interpretation of short climate records with comments on the North Atlantic and Southern Oscillations." Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., in press. 

Trenberth, K. E., and *T. Owen, 1999: Workshop on indices and indicators for climate extremes. Breakout Group A: Storms. Clim. Change, 42, 9-21. 

*Upchurch, G. R., B. L. Otto-Bliesner, and *C. Scotese, 1998;   Vegetation-atmosphere interactions and their role in global warming during the latest Cretaceous.  Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B, 353, 1-17. 

*Upchurch, G. R., B. L. Otto-Bliesner and *C. R. Scotese, 1999: Terrestrial vegetation and its effects on climate during the latest Cretaceous. Evolution of the Cretaceous Ocean-Climate System, E. Barrera and C. Johnson, Eds., The Geological Society of America, 407-426. 

*Upchurch, G. R., B. L. Otto-Bliesner and *C. R. Scotese, 1999: Terrestrial vegetation and its effects on climate during the latest Cretaceous, in Geological Society of American, Special Paper 332, E. Barrera and C. Johnson, Eds., The Geological Society of America, 407-426. 

*van Hees, R. M., *J. Lelieveld, and W. D. Collins, 1999: Detecting tropical convection using AVHRR satellite data. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 9213-9228.

van Loon, H., G. A. Meehl, and J. M. Arblaster, 1998: Global scale decadal climate variability. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3983. 

van Loon, H., and K. Labitzke, 1999: The signal of the 11-year solar cycle in the global stratosphere. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 61, 53-61. 

von Hardenberg, J., J. C. McWilliams, A. Provenzale, A. Shchepetkin, and J. B. Weiss, 1999: Vortex merging in quasigeostrophic flows. J. Fluid Mech., in press. 

Wahr, J., M. Molenaar, and F. Bryan, 1998: Time variability of the Earth's gravity field: Hydrological and oceanic effects and their possible detection using GRACE. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 30 205-30 229. 

Wainer, I., F. O. Bryan, and J. Soares, 1999: Dynamics of the equatorial undercurrent in a high-resolution ocean model. J. Geophys. Res., 104,
23 327-23 335. 

Walko, R. L., L. E. Band, J. Baron, T. G. F. Kittel, *R. Lammers, *T. J. Lee, R. A. Pielke, Sr., *C. Taylor, C. Tague, C. J. Tremback, and P. L. Vidale, 1999: Coupled atmosphere-biophysics-hydrology models for environmental modeling. Journal of Applied Meteorology, in press. 

*Wanninkhof, R., S. C. Doney, *T.-H. Peng, *J. Bullister, *K. Lee, and *R. A. Feely, 1998: Comparison of methods to determine the anthropogenic CO₂ invasion into the Atlantic Coast. Tellus, 51B, 511-530. 

Weiss, J. B., A. Provenzale, and J. C. McWilliams, 1998: Lagrangian dynamics in high-dimensional point-vortex systems. Phys. Fluids, 10, 1929-1941. 

Wigley, T. M. L., *R. L. Smith, and *B. D. Santer, 1998: Anthropogenic influence on the autocorrelation structure of hemispheric-mean temperatures. Science, 282,1676-1679.

Wigley, T. M. L., *P. J. Jaumann, *B. D. Santer, and *K. E. Taylor, 1998: Relative detectability of greenhouse-gas and aerosol climate change signals. Climate Dyn., in press. 

Wigley, T. M. L., 1999: Stabilization of CO₂ concentration levels. The Carbon Cycle, T. M. L. Wigley and D. S. Schimel, Eds., Cambridge University Press, in press. 

Wigley, T. M. L., 1999: The Science of Climate of Climate Change: Global and U.S. Perspectives. Pew Center on Global Climate Change, 48 pp. 

Wigley, T. M. L., *P. J. Jaumann, *B. D. Santer, and *K. E. Taylor, 1999: Relative detectability of greenhouse-gas and aerosol climate change signals. Climate Dyn., 14, 781-790. 

Wigley, T. M. L., and D. S. Schimel, Eds., 1999: The Carbon Cycle. Cambridge University Press, in press. 

Wigley, T.M.L., *R. L. Smith, and *B. D. Santer, 1999: The autocorrelation function and human influences on climate (response to comment by Tsonis and Elsner). Science, 285 (Technical Comment), 495a. 

Wikle, C. K., R. F. Milliff, and W. G. Large, 1999: Surface wind variability on spatial scales from 1 to 1000 km observed during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 2222-2231. 

Wikle, C. K., L. M. Berliner, and N. Cressie, 1999: Hierarchical Bayesian space-time models. Environmental and Ecological Statistics, in press. 

Wilby, R. L., 1998: Modelling extreme rainfall using weather pattern and frontal frequencies. J. Hydrol., 212–213, 380–392.

Wilby, R. L., 1998: Statistical downscaling of daily precipitation using daily airflow and seasonal teleconnection indices. Climate Research, 10, 163–178. 

Wilby, R. L., 1998: The hydrology of drought. Rivers Handbook Volume III: Drought in the Humid Temperate Zone, G. E. Petts and G. McGregor, Eds., Blackwell Science Ltd., in press. 

Wilby, R. L., T. M. L. Wigley, D. Conway, P. D. Jones, B. C. Hewitson, J. Main, and D. S. Wilks, 1998: Statistical downscaling of general circulation model output: A comparison of methods. Water Resour. Res., 34, 2995-3008. 

Wilby, R. L., 1999: The future of eco-hydrology. Eco-Hydrology: Plants and Water in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments, A. Baird and R. L. Wilby, Eds., Routledge, 346–374. 

Wilby, R. L., and D. S. Schimel, 1999: Scales of interaction in eco-hydrological relations. Eco-Hydrology: Plants and Water in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments, A. Baird and R. L. Wilby, Eds., Routledge, 39–77. 

Wilby, R. L., and T. M. L. Wigley, 1999: Precipitation predictors for downscaling: Observed and general circulation model relationships. Inter. J. Clim., in press. 

Wilby, R. L., *L. E. Hay, and *G. H. Leavesley, 1999: A comparison of downscaled and raw GCM output: implications for climate change scenarios in the San Juan River basin, Colorado. Journal of Hydrology, in press. 

Wilby, R. L., and O. J. Tomlinson, 1999: The "Sunday Effect" and weekly cycles of Winter weather in the UK. Weather, in press. 

Williamson, D. L., 1999: Numerical approximations for global atmospheric models. Global Energy and Water Cycles, K. Browning and R. J. Gurney, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 33-43. 

Wilks, D. S., and R. L. Wilby, 1999: The weather generation game: a review of stochastic weather models. Progress in Physical Geography, 23, 329-357. 

*Yates, D. N., T. G. F. Kittel, and R. F. Cannon, 1999: Comparing the correlative Holdridge model to mechanistic biogeographical models for assessing vegetation distribution response to climatic change. Climatic Change, in press. 

*Zhang, G. J., J. T. Kiehl, and P. J. Rasch, 1998: Response of climate simulation to a new convective paramaterization in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model (CCM3). J. Climate, 11, 2097-2115. 

OTHER

Berliner, L. M., *J. A. Royle, C. K. Wikle, and R. F. Milliff, 1998: Bayesian methods in the atmospheric sciences. Bayesian Statistics 6, J. M. Bernardo, J. O. Berger, A. P. Dawid, and F. M. Smith, Eds., Oxford University Press, 83-100. 

Berliner, L. M., C. K. Wikle, and R. F. Milliff, 1999: Multiresolution wavelet analysis in hierarchical Bayesian turbulence models. Bayesian Inference in Wavelet Based Models, P. Muller and B. Vidakovic, Eds., Springer-Verlag, 341-360. 

Dai, A., 1999: Changes in the diurnal cycle of precipitation over the U.S. Proc. 10th Symposium on Global Change Studies, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 129-130. 

Daly, C., T. G. F. Kittel, *A. McNab, *J. A. Royle, W. P. Gibson, T. Parzybok, N. Rosenbloom, G. H. Taylor, and H. Fisher, 1999: Development of a 102-year high-resolution spatial climate data set for the conterminous United States. Proc. 11th Symposium on Applied Climatology, Dallas, TX. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 480-483. 

Deser, C., 1998: Evidence for a wind-driven intensification of the Kuroshio current extension from the 1970s to the 1980s. Extended Abstracts, Rossby-100 Symposium, Stockholm, Sweden, The International Meteorological Institute in Stockholm, The Swedish Geophysical Society, The Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, the Swedish Natural Science Research Council, The Swedish National Committee for IGBP and WCRP, the Foundations for Wenner-Gren Center, and Henrik Granholms Stiflelse, 87-89. 

Deser, C., J. E. Walsh, and *M. S. Timlin, 1998: Arctic sea ice variability in the context of recent wintertime atmospheric circulation trends. Extended Abstracts, Decadal Climate Variability, Williamsburg, VA, in press. 

Fuentes, M., S. C. Doney, *David M. Glover, and *Scott McCue, 1999: Spatial structure of satellite ocean color data. Proc. Joint Statistical Meeting, Baltimore, MD, American Statistical Association, The International Biometric Society (ENAR and WNAR), the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, and the Statistical Society of Canada, in press. 

Hurrell, J. W., and K. E. Trenberth, 1999: A comparison of different global SST data sets. Proc. 10th Symposium on Global Change Studies, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 89-90. 

Julien, K., J. Werne, *S. Legg, and J. C. McWilliams, 1999: The effects of rotation on the global dynamics of turbulent convection. Solar Convection and Oscillations, J. Christensen-Dalsgaard and F. P. Pipjers, Eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, in press. 

*Keen, T. M., and S. J. Murphy, 1999: Developing a relocatable coastal ocean forecast model. Proc. Oceanology International 99 Pacific Rim Conf., Singapore, Spearhead Exhibitions Ltd., 47–57. 

Kittel, T., D. Schimel, N. Rosenbloom, and H. Fisher, 1998: U.S. climate and ecological data available on CD-ROM and on-line. Eos, 79, 47. 

Kittel, T., D. Schimel, N. Rosenbloom, and H. Fisher, 1998: VEMAP U.S. climate, vegetation, and soils dataset available on CD ROM and on-line. The Biogeographer, 55, 2. 

Madden, R. A., and H. Lejenäs, 1998: Semidiurnal fluctuations in mountain torque. Extended Abstracts, Rossby-100 Symposium, Stockholm, Sweden, The International Meteorological Institute in Stockholm, The Swedish Geophysical Society, The Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, the Swedish Natural Science Research Council, The Swedish National Committee for IGBP and WCRP, the Foundations for Wenner-Gren Center, and Henrik Granholms Stiflelse, 225-227. 

Meehl, G. A., J. M. Arblaster, and W. G. Strand, 1998: High latitude processes and global decadal time-scale variability in a global coupled GCM. Second ACSYS Conf. Proc., Orcas Island, WA, WCRP-106, WMO/TD 908 162-163.

Milliff, R. F., M. H. Frielich, *W. T. Liu, *R. Atlas, and W.G. Large, 1999: Global ocean surface vector wind observations from space. Proc. OCEANOBS-99, St. Raphael, France. Available on-line from: http://www.bom.gov.au/OceanObs99/Program.html. 

Otto-Bliesner, B. L., 1999: ENSO and NAO: Present and 6000 years before present as simulated by the NCAR Climate System Model.  In 10th Symposium on Global Change Studies, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 313-316. 

*Tsutsui, J., A. Kasahara, and *H. Hirakuchi, 1999: The impacts of global warming on tropical cyclones-A numerical experiment with the T42 version of NCAR CCM2, Proc. 23rd Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 1077-1080. 

Trenberth, K. E., 1998: A case for slowing the pace of climate change. SOLAR '98 - "Creating the Right Climate." Proc. 36th Annual Conf. of the Australian and New Zealand Solar Energy Society, Christchurch New Zealand, Solahart and Canterbury Regional Council, 200-207. 

Trenberth, K. E., 1998: Implementation of CLIVAR. Proc. Conf. on the TOGA Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE), Boulder, CO, World Meteorological Office, 148-149. 

Trenberth, K. E., 1998: Forecasts of the development of the 1997-98 El Niño event. Proc. Second Hayes Symposium on Seasonal to Interannual Climate Variability—The 1997/1998 ENSO Cycle, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 51-54. 

Trenberth, K. E., 1998: Forecasts of the development of the 1997-98 El Niño event. Proc. International Symposium Triangle '98, Kyoto, Japan, Japan Marine Science and Technology, Frontier Research System for Global Change, International Pacific Research Center, 14-20. 

Trenberth, K. E., 1999: Future ENSO diagnostics. Proc. Second Hayes Symposium on Seasonal to Interannual Climate Variability—The 1997/1998 ENSO Cycle, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 110-113. 

Trenberth, K. E., 1999: Implementing CLIVAR. Proc. 10th Symposium on Global Change Studies, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 1-3. 

Trenberth, K. E., 1999: El Nino and global warming. Proc. 10th Symposium on Global Change Studies, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 258-260. 

Trenberth K. E., 1999: Perspectives on implementing CLIVAR. Exchanges, 4, 5–6. 

Trenberth, K. E., 1999: Global climate system change and observations. NASA Scientific Forum on Climate Variability and Global Change, UNISPACE III, Vienna, Austria, NASA/CP-1999-20924, 15-29. 

Trenberth, K. E., 1999: The evolution of CLIVAR science. Proc. International. CLIVAR Conf., Paris, France, World Climate Research Project, WCRP-108, WMO/TD 954, IPCO 27, 17–18. 

Trenberth, K. E., and *R. A. Clarke, 1999: Preface. Proc. International CLIVAR Conf., Paris, France, World Climate Research Project, WCRP-10, WMO/TD 954, IPCO 27, p iii. 

Trenberth, K. E., D. P. Stepaniak, and J. M. Caron, 1999: The global monsoon. Proc. Second International Conf. on Reanalyses, Reading, England, World Climate Research Project, in press. 

Trenberth, K. E., D. P. Stepaniak, and J. M. Caron, 1999: Global energy and moisture budgets of the atmosphere. Proc. Second International Conf. on Reanalyses, Reading, England, World Climate Research Project, in press. 

Washington, W. M., J. W. Weatherly, *A. Semtner, G. A. Meehl, *Y. Zhang, T. Bettge, W. Strand, A. Craig, V. Wayland, and *R. James, 1998: Climate simulations with the DOE Parallel Climate Model (PCM). 10th Symposium on Global Change Studies, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 365-368. 

Wilby, R.L., 1998: Review of "Global Hydrology" by J.A.A. Jones. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 23, 536-537.

Wilby, R. L., 1998: Review of "Regional Climates of the British Isles" by D. Wheeler and J. Mayes, Eds. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 79, 2880–2881. 

Wilby, R. L., 1999: Constructing regional climate scenarios by means of statistical downscaling: A comparison of methods. Proc. Air and Waste Management Association's Second International Specialty Conference. Global Climate Change: Science, Policy and Mitigation/Adaptation Strategies, VIP-89, Volume II, J. Kinsman, C. V. Mathai, M. Baer, E. Holt, and M. Trexler. Eds., Air and Waste Management Association, 942-950. 

*Wood, S., *F. Nachtergaele, *D. Nielsen, A. Dai, and *K. Sebastian, 1999: Spatial aspects of the design and targeting of development strategies for fragile lands. Proc. International Conference on Strategies for Poverty Alleviation and Sustainable Resource Management in the Fragile Land of Sub-Saharan Africa, Entebbe, Uganda, National Agricultural Research Organization (Uganda), International Food Policy Research Institute, German Foundation for International Development, and European Commission, in press.

Environmental and Societal Impacts Group

Refereed

*Barnston, A.G., M.H. Glantz, and *Y. He, 1999: Predictive skill of statistical and dynamical climate models in SST forecasts during the 1997-98 El Nino episode and the 1998 La Nina onset. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 80, 2, 217-242.

Betsill, M.M. and R.A. Pielke, Jr., 1998: Blurring the boundaries: Domestic and international ozone politics and lessons for climate change. International Environmental Affairs, 10, 3, 147-172.

Firor, J., 1999: Response to "Rolling the Climate Dice." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 80, 6, 1149-50.

Giorgi, F., and L.O. Mearns, 1999: Introduction to special section: Regional climate modeling revisited. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, D6, 6335-6352.

Glantz, M.H. (ed.), 1999: Creeping Environmental Problems and Sustainable Development in the Aral Sea Basin. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 291 pp.

Glantz, M.H., 1999: Sustainable development and creeping environmental problems in the Aral Sea region. In: M.H. Glantz (ed.), Creeping Environmental Problems and Sustainable Development in the Aral Sea Basin. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1-25.

Glantz, M.H., 1999: El Niño as a hazard-spawner. In: J. Ingleton (ed.), The Nature of Hazards: Commemorative Volume to Celebrate Achievements of International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. Leicester, UK: Tudor Rose Publishers, 78-79.

Glantz, M.H, *D.G. Streets, *T.R. Stewart, *N. Bhatti, C.M. Moore, and *C.H. Ros 1999: Exploring the Concept of Climate Surprises: A Review of the Literature on the Concept of Surprise and How It Is Related to Climate Change. Second printing redesigned to be distributed at COP4 Conference in Buenos Aires. ESIG/NCAR and Argonne National Labs. 85 pp.

Katz, R.W., 1999: Moments of power transformed time series. Environmetrics, 10, 301-307.

Katz, R.W. and *X. Zheng, 1999: Mixture model for overdispersion of precipitation. Journal of Climate, 12, 2528-2537.

*Kunkel, K.E., R.A. Pielke Jr., and *S.A. Changnon, 1999: Temporal fluctuations in weather and climate extremes that cause economic and human health impacts: A review. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 80, 6, 1077-1098.

Landsea, C.W., R.A. Pielke Jr., A. Mestas-Nunez, and J. Knaff, 1999: Atlantic basin hurricanes: Indices of climate changes. Climatic Change, 42, 89-129.

Madden, R.A., D.J. Shea, R.W. Katz, and J.W. Kidson, 1999: The potential long-range predictability of precipitation over New Zealand. International Journal of Climatology, 19, 405-421.

Mearns, L.O., *I. Bogardi, F. Giorgi, *I. Matyasovszky, and *M. Palecki, 1999: Comparison of climate change scenarios generated from regional climate model experiments and statistical downscaling. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, D6, 6603-6621.

Mearns, L.O., T. Mavromatis, and E. Tsvetsinskaya, 1999: Compative responses of EPIC and CERES crop models to high and low spatial resolution climate change scenarios. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, D6, 6623-6646.

Miller, K.M. (Panel Member), Panel on the Human Dimensions of Seasonal-to-Interannual Climate Variability, 1999: Making Climate Forecasts Matter. P.C. Stern and W. Easterling (eds.). Washington, DC: National Academy Press. 192 pp.

*Pfaff, A., *K. Broad, and M.H. Glantz, 1999: Who benefits from climate forecasts? Pielke, R.A. Jr., 1999: Who decides? Forecasts and responsibilities in the 1997 Red River flood. American Behaviorial Science Review, 7, 2, 1-19.

Pielke, R.A. Jr., 1999: Nine fallacies of floods. Climatic Change, 42, 413-438.

Pielke, R.A. Jr., 1999: Prediction in the earth sciences and environmental policy making. EosLa Niña, El Niño, and Atlantic hurricane damages in the United States. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 80, 10, 2027-2033.

*Sarewitz, D., and R.A. Pielke Jr., 1999: Prediction in science and policy. Technology in Society, 21, 121-133.

Tsvetsinskaya, E., L.O. Mearns, and *W.E. Easterling, 1999: Investigating the effect of seasonal plant growth and development in 3-dimensional atmospheric simulations. Proceedings of the Ninth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Brest, France, 30 May-4 June 1999. San Francisco, CA: The International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers.

< b>Non-Refereed

Doherty, R., and L.O. Mearns, 1999: A Comparison of Simulations of Current Climate from Two Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Global Climate Models Against Observations and Evaluation of Their Future Climates. Report to NIGEC. Boulder, CO: ESIG/NCAR.

Glantz, M.H., 1999: The language of global warming. Tiempo, 31, 20-22.

Glantz, M.H., 1999: The dying Aral Sea. Public Affairs Section, Work in Progress: A Review of Research Activities of the United Nations University, 15, 2, 12-17.

Glantz, M.H., 1999: Aral Sea: Going, going... almost gone. Calypso Log, Journal of The Cousteau Society, Paris, France, 20-21.

Glantz, M.H., 1999: What we know and don't know about El Niño: A discussion paper. School of Marine Affairs 25th Anniversary: Proceedings of Public Program. Seattle, WA: School of Marine Affairs, 85-89.

Katz, R.W., 1999: Techniques for estimating uncertainty in climate change scenarios and impact studies. In: T.R. Carter, M. Holme, and D. Viner (eds.), Representing Uncertainty in Climate Change Scenarios and Impact Studies. Proceedings of ECLAT-2 Helsinki Workshop. Climatic Research Unit: Norwich, UK, 38-53.

Katz, R.W., 1999: Review of Computational Statistics in Climatology by I. Polyak. Climatic Change, 41, 127-130.

Magistro, J., 1999: Book review of Famine Crimes: Politics and the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa by A. De Waal. American Anthropologist, 100, 3, 844-845.

Magistro, J., 1998: Book review of Living Under Contract: Contract Farming and Agrarian Transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa by P.D. Little and M.J. Watts (eds.). Journal of Political Ecology, 6.

*McKelvey, R., and K. Miller, 1998: Cooperative management of transboundary shared stocks: Some principles drawn from the theory of games. Abstracts, Ecosystem Considerations in Fisheries Management, Sixteenth Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium. Fairbanks, AK: University of Alaska Sea Grant.

Pielke, R.A. Jr., M. Betsill, M. Downton, J. Firor, *D. Jamieson, R. Katz, M. Lahsen, J. Magistro, L. Mearns and K. Miller, 1999: Book review of Human Choice and Climate Change, S. Rayner and E. Malone, eds. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 80, 7, 1441-1443.

Pielke, R.A. Jr., C. Simonpietri, and J. Oxelson, 1999: Thirty Years After Hurricane Camille: Lessons Learned, Lessons Lost. ESIG/NCAR. Boulder, CO.

Pielke, R.A. Jr., B. Enosh, A. Gutierrez, and *M. Mercer, 1999: Extreme Weather Sourcebook: An Educational Report on Damages in the United States Related to Tornadoes, Floods, and Hurricanes. ESIG/NCAR.

*Sarewitz, D., R.A. Pielke Jr., and *R. Byerly Jr., 1999: Prediction: A process, not a product. Geotimes, 44, 4, 29-31.

High Altitude Observatory

Peer Reviewed Publications